The U.S. and Europe failed to agree on a path for eliminating steel and aluminum tariffs ahead of a summit in Washington.

WASHINGTON—The U.S. and Europe failed to agree on a path for eliminating steel and aluminum tariffs ahead of a summit in Washington on Friday, leaving unresolved a trade dispute that risks becoming a growing irritant between the allied economies ahead of next year’s U.S. election.

Officials are seeking to move beyond a spat over metal tariffs that were imposed in 2018 by President Trump on national-security grounds. President Biden paused the tariffs for most European steel and aluminum two years ago as part of a bid to reset relations between the two economies, and the U.S. and EU said they would seek a new arrangement to replace the levies and tackle concerns about an oversupply of steel on global markets.